include adequate protein, calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing activity, resistance exercise, avoiding smoking, and limiting excessive alcohol consumption.
Some people also require bone-density screening or medication based on their age and individual risk factors.
Estrogen and Cardiovascular Health
Estrogen interacts with several processes related to blood vessels and lipid metabolism, but cardiovascular health cannot be reduced to estrogen levels alone.
Blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, diet, genetics, age, and body composition all influence cardiovascular risk.
A diet containing vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and other minimally processed foods can support cardiovascular health regardless of whether those foods
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