undergone certain stomach or intestinal surgeries.
People with pernicious anemia, an autoimmune condition that affects B12 absorption.
People taking certain medications for a long time, including metformin or some acid-reducing medicines.
Having a risk factor does not necessarily mean someone has a deficiency, but it may make testing more important.
Which Foods Contain Vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 is naturally found mainly in animal-based foods.
Some useful sources include:
Fish: Salmon, tuna, and sardines.
Meat: Beef and other meat products.
Eggs: Particularly the yolk.
Dairy products: Milk, yogurt, and cheese.
Fortified foods: Certain breakfast cereals and plant-based milk alternatives contain added






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